Teaching Virtually: Strategies and Challenges in the 21st Century Online Classroom

Leanna Archambault

International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design Vol. 4, No. 1 (January 2014) pp. 1–15

Enrollment in K-12 online learning continues to grow at an exponential rate throughout the United States. With this increase, one of the key factors for ensuring quality educational experiences for students is the knowledge, skills, and dispositions ...

Using TPACK as Framework for Understanding Effective Online Teaching

Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2008 (Mar 03, 2008) pp. 5190–5195

This paper discusses the use of the TPACK framework to examine the existing literature regarding effective online teaching. Topics include exploring the relationships between and among content knowledge, technological knowledge, and pedagogical...

The Practitioner’s Perspective on Teacher Education: Preparing for the K-12 Online Classroom

Leanna Archambault

Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 19, No. 1 (January 2011) pp. 73–91

Little is known about the population of educators who teach online, especially with relationship to preparation from their teacher education programs. This article discusses the results of a national survey of K-12 online teachers from across the...

Topics: Schools, Distance Education, Teachers, Preservice Teacher Education, eLearning

K-12 Distance Educators at Work: Who's Teaching Online across the United States

Leanna Archambault; Kent Crippen

Journal of Research on Technology in Education Vol. 41, No. 4 (2009) pp. 363–391

Due to the current proliferation of virtual schools, a growing number of teachers are facing the challenge of teaching online. This study examines the demographic nature and experiences of K-12 online teachers. Findings show that online teachers are ...

Learning in Technology: Using MMOGs to Explore Principles of Economics

Leanna Archambault; Joshua Barnett

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 1834–1838

While millions of students participate in playing games on a regular basis, a new type of gaming has emerged over the last decade and is quickly surpassing other gaming formats. Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs), such as World of Warcraft...

K-12 Blended and Online Competencies, Standards, Retention, and Attitudes

Jered Borup; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 4, No. 1 (February 2018) pp. 1–3

This issue begins the fourth volume of the Journal of Online Learning Research (JOLR), and provides an opportunity to reflect on the first three years of the journal. The last three years have passed quickly, and we are pleased with the state of...

Educators Engaging in Online Educational Marketplaces: A Vision for Teacher Education to Prepare Critical Consumers, Careful Creators, and Discerning Professionals

Catharyn Shelton; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 30, No. 2 (August 2022) pp. 155–166

Online teacherpreneurship occurs via popular online educational marketplaces, such as Teacherspayteachers.com (TpT), whereby teachers purchase, sell, and exchange curricular materials created by fellow educators and designed for classroom use. Among ...

Implementation of field experience models in P-12 hybrid and online settings: A systematic review

Lauren Woo; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2023 (Mar 13, 2023) pp. 2349–2354

Although field experiences are an essential component of teacher preparation that enables teachers to transfer their knowledge and skills to actual classroom practice, teacher preparation programs have continued to overlook the need for hybrid and...

Topics: Teaching and Learning with Emerging Technologies

Teachers’ Favorite Websites as an Indicator of Classroom Web Use

Leanna Archambault; Kent Crippen

World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2005 (October 2005) pp. 1883–1888

The pervasive nature of the Internet, both in society as well as America's schools, leads teacher educators to wonder how this dynamic tool is being utilized in the classroom, especially if it is benefiting students' understanding. This study...

What Does It Mean to Be an Online Teacherpreneur?: A Qualitative Investigation of Highly Experienced and Successful Authors on Teacher Pay Teachers

Catharyn Shelton; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2018 (Mar 26, 2018) pp. 1724–1728

Online teacherpreneurs are current and former PreK-12 teachers who post digital lesson plans, class activities, and student materials to websites such as TeachersPayTeachers.com, where teachers download them for a small fee. One of the first studies ...

Topics: Teaching and Learning with Emerging Technologies

Moving Forward and Moving On: Continuing the Mission of K-12 Online Education Research

Leanna Archambault; Kathryn Kennedy

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 2, No. 3 (December 2016) pp. 201–203

It is hard to believe that 2016 has come and gone, and with it, we wrap up the second volume of the Journal of Online Learning Research (JOLR). As Gretchen Rubin once observed, ?The days are long, but the years are short.? True words indeed. It...

Examining TPACK Among K-12 Online Distance Educators in the United States

Leanna Archambault; Kent Crippen

Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 9, No. 1 (March 2009) pp. 71–88

With the increasing popularity and accessibility of the Internet and Internet-based technologies, along with the need for a diverse group of students to have alternative means to complete their education, there is a major push for K-12 schools to...

Topics: Competencies, eLearning, Teachers, Distance Education, Educational Technology

Using Wikis to Develop a Professional Learning Community to Support Sustainability Education Faculty

Leanna Archambault; Annie Warren

E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2014 (Oct 20, 2014) pp. 103–105

This best practices session describes how instructors of Sustainability Science for Teachers, a hybrid course at Arizona State University, a major research-extensive university, used a collaborative wiki as a mechanism for fostering and encouraging...

Topics: Implementation Examples & Issues

Exploring Blended Learning Perceptions Among International Secondary Educators

Leanna Archambault; Medha Dalal

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2020 (Apr 07, 2020) pp. 680–685

This study examined the perceptions and readiness of international secondary school teachers regarding blended teaching. Situated in the context of a teacher exchange initiative under the Fulbright Distinguished Awards for International Teachers ...

Topics: International Education, K-12 Online Learning

Tessellations in TPACK: Comparing Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Levels Among K-12 Online and Traditional Teachers

Kent Sabo; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (Mar 05, 2012) pp. 4751–4756

Most studies on technology in teacher education feature undergraduate preservice teachers and inservice teachers as their participants. Comparatively few studies focus on graduate education students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to...

The characteristics, knowledge, and preparation levels of K–12 online distance educators in the United States

Leanna Matchett Archambault

The characteristics, knowledge, and preparation levels<p>of K&ndash;12 online distance educators in the United@States (2008) pp. 1–204

With the increasing popularity and accessibility of the Internet and Internet-based technologies, along with the need for a diverse group of students to have alternative means to complete their education, there is a major push for K-12 schools to...

Pioneering the digital age of instruction: Learning from and about K-12 online teachers

Leanna Archambault; Jean Larson

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 1, No. 1 (February 2015) pp. 49–83

The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to examine the needs of K-12 online teachers, including the dominant factors and career paths that influenced their decision to teach online; (2) to discover what online teachers viewed as the most...

Discovering How Teachers Build Virtual Relationships and Develop as Professionals through Online Teacherpreneurship

Catharyn Shelton; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol. 29, No. 4 (Dec 31, 2018) pp. 579–602

Online teacherpreneurs are K-12 classroom teachers who engage in educational entrepreneurship, sharing their teaching ideas and resources virtually, through online marketplaces such as TeachersPayTeachers.com. A common practice among online...

Teachers Paying Teachers? A Guide for Teacher Educators Seeking to Understand Online Teacherpreneurship

Catharyn Shelton; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2019 (Mar 18, 2019) pp. 1109–1114

Online teacherpreneurs are current and former P-12 teachers who post digital lesson materials to websites such as TeachersPayTeachers.com, earning small profits each time teachers download them. In this best practice session tailored to teacher...

Topics: New Possibilities with Information Technologies

The Current State of Field Experiences in K-12 Online Learning Programs in the U.S.

Kathryn Kennedy; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 3454–3461

This study provides a status report on the state of field experiences in K-12 online learning programs in the United States. After developing a survey instrument, teacher education programs and K-12 online learning programs were surveyed to find out ...

Leveraging the Power of Hybrid Learning: Teaching Sustainability Topics to Future Teachers

Leanna Archambault; Annie Warren

World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2013 (Oct 21, 2013) pp. 1721–1726

This paper describes Sustainability Science for Teachers, a hybrid course in development at a major research-extensive university in the desert southwest that integrates the use of technology to teach related concepts in a meaningful way. Part of a...

Topics: research, Content Development, Implementation Examples & Issues

The Sites Teachers Choose: A Gauge of Classroom Web Use

Leanna Archambault; Kent Crippen

Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 7, No. 2 (June 2007) pp. 59–74

The pervasive nature of the Internet, both in society and in America's schools, leads teacher educators to wonder how this dynamic tool is being utilized in the classroom and, especially, if it is benefiting students' understanding. This study...

Topics: Professional Development, Evaluation, Internet, Assessment, Educational Technology

What is Online Teacherpreneurship and Why Does It Matter for Education?

Catharyn Shelton; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2017 (Mar 05, 2017) pp. 1817–1822

Online teacherpreneurship is a new phenomenon that is yet to be largely addressed in educational scholarship. Online teacherpreneurs are teachers who act in entrepreneurial ways, sharing teaching ideas and resources online via blogs, social media,...

Topics: Teaching and Learning with Emerging Technologies

Delving Further into Blended Learning: Examining Professional Development Models, a Flipped Learning Approach, and Open Educational Resources

Leanna Archambault; Jered Borup

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 3, No. 2 (August 2017) pp. 103–104

As is commonly attributed, Charles Bowden once noted that “Summertime is always the best of what might be.” We hope this finds you enjoying a rejuvenating and productive summer, filled with friends, family, and fun, together with time to read,...

A Time For Reflection: Recognizing Successes and Planning for Improvements

Jered Borup; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 5, No. 2 (September 2019) pp. 119–122

For many in the field, the start of the academic year is a time when we update our CVs and reflect on the previous year's academic accomplishments. Our attention inevitably also turns to unfinished tasks that we were not able to squeeze into a...

Responding to a Crisis and Planning for What is Ahead

Jered Borup; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 6, No. 2 (October 2020) pp. 103–106

It is impossible to take inventory of all the ways the COVID-19 pandemic has already impacted our field, let alone predict what the future might hold. What is clear is that scholars in our field responded quickly to provide leadership to their...

Examining the Remote Teaching Experiences of International Educators during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lauren Woo; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 9, No. 1 (April 2023) pp. 15–38

The COVID-19 pandemic caused abrupt school closures and transitions to emergency remote teaching, which impacted millions of educators worldwide. Given an overall lack of international perspectives in related research, there is a need to work toward ...

Situated Online: Theoretical Underpinnings of Field Experiences in Virtual School Settings

Leanna Archambault; Kathryn Kennedy

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (Mar 05, 2012) pp. 3816–3823

This paper describes the historical, practical, and theoretical underpinnings behind an essential component of teacher preparation, the field experience. It explores the theory of situated cognition as it applies to online teaching and learning...

Offering Preservice Teachers Field Experiences in K-12 Online Learning: A National Survey of Teacher Education Programs

Kathryn Kennedy; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Teacher Education Vol. 63, No. 3 (2012) pp. 185–200

Enrollment in K-12 online learning is growing at an exponential rate throughout the United States. Currently, all 50 states offer K-12 online learning opportunities. Some states such as Michigan, Alabama, New Mexico, and Idaho have passed...

Forging New Frontiers: Exploring Uncharted Territory in the Field of K-12 Online and Blended Learning

Kathryn Kennedy; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 2016) pp. 1–2

As we begin the second volume of the Journal of Online Learning Research (JOLR), we wanted to thank you for your readership. Over two years ago, we had a dream to develop an open access journal focused on the theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic...

International Teachers’ Evolving Relationships with Educational Technology

Medha Dalal; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2018 (Mar 26, 2018) pp. 612–620

Using narrative inquiry, this study examines how a technology-related professional development experience influenced three secondary school international teachers from Kenya, India, and Brazil. The results, written as restories, describe the desire...

Topics: International Education, Teaching and Learning with Emerging Technologies

The Preparation and Perspective of Online K-12 Teachers in Nevada

Leanna Archambault; Kent Crippen

World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2006 (October 2006) pp. 1836–1841

As the number of online distance education courses continue to proliferate throughout the United States, a growing percentage of teachers are facing the challenge of creating online versions of their traditional, face-to-face courses while still...

Topics: Distance Education, Teachers, Virtual Environments

Coming Together as a Research Community to Support Educators and Students in K-12 Online and Emergency Remote Settings

Leanna Archambault; Jered Borup

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 6, No. 1 (May 2020) pp. 1–3

In the midst of a global pandemic, our work specific to the field of K-12 online and blended learning has never been more relevant or important. Teachers all over the U.S. and globally are faced with the difficult challenge of working to continue...

Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice in Online Learning

Kathryn Kennedy; Leanna Archambault

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 1, No. 1 (February 2015) pp. 5–7

As Gutierrez and Penuel (2014) pointed out in a recent issue of AERA’s Educational Researcher, to be relevant and rigorous, a component of effective research needs to be its direct and meaningful applicability to practice. As a sharing platform for...

Taking Flight: Working to Increase Focus on K-12 Online and Blended Learning in International Contexts

Leanna Archambault; Jered Borup

Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 5, No. 1 (March 2019) pp. 1–4

In the current issue, we are introducing a special international section. Since JOLR’s formation in 2014, the journal has sought to be more inclusive of international authors and contexts, recognizing that the field of K-12 online and blended...

Poetry in Motion: Using VoiceThread to Prepare 21st Century English Teachers

Leanna Archambault; David Lee Carlson

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 4265–4272

Although there is a vast research base on the literacy practices of adolescents, and on the issues surrounding the integration of technology despite current widespread access to tools and the Internet (Cuban, 2003), very little has been completed on ...

Experiences With Integrating Drupal Into Higher Education

Conrad Oh-Young; Leanna Archambault

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2009 (Jun 22, 2009) p. 433

The University of Nevada, Las Vegas College of Education has continued to use different Content Management Systems (CMS) to manage and deliver web content. Of those CMS implemented, Drupal has been utilized the most. Thus far Drupal has been used...

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teaching Poetry: Preparing Preservice Teachers to Integrate Content with VoiceThread Technology

David Lee Carlson; Leanna Archambault

Teacher Education and Practice Vol. 26, No. 1 (2013) pp. 117–142

Although there is a vast research base on the literacy practices of adolescents and the issues surrounding the integration of technology despite current widespread access to tools and the Internet (Cuban, 2003), very little has been completed on the ...

Scaffolded Inquiry-Based Instruction with Technology: A Signature Pedagogy for STEM Education

Kent J. Crippen; Leanna Archambault

Computers in the Schools Vol. 29, No. 1 (January 2009) pp. 157–173

Inquiry-based instruction has become a hallmark of science education and increasingly of integrated content areas, including science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Because inquiry-based instruction very clearly contains...

How Massive Multiplayer Online Games Incorporate Principles of Economics

Joshua H. Barnett; Leanna Archambault

TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 54, No. 6 (November 2010) pp. 29–35

Games have always been a part of the human experience. Even the earliest of civilizations created games for enjoyment and entertainment. However, the educational value of those games is a relatively recent consideration. Over the previous fifty...

Putting the T in PCK: Exploring the Nature of the TPACK Framework Among K-12 Online Educators Using a Web-Based Survey

Leanna Archambault; Conrad Oh-Young

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2009 (Mar 02, 2009) pp. 4008–4014

With the ubiquitous nature of the Internet, web-based surveys are becoming increasingly popular. In addition to being low cost, Web-based surveys have the advantage of format and response control, being able to offer multiple response cycles, and...

Examining the Remote Teaching Experiences of International Educators during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lauren Jin Woo; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2022 (Apr 11, 2022) pp. 1459–1467

The COVID-19 pandemic caused abrupt school closures and transitions to emergency remote teaching, which impacted millions of educators worldwide. As much of the research has focused on the teaching experiences of U.S. educators, there is a need to...

Topics: Distance/Flexible Education, K-12 Online Learning, International Perspectives

Using SEM to Move from Theory to Practice with the TPACK Framework

Brandy Jones; Jill Adelson; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 2518–2525

This paper presents the findings from a non-experimental Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis of the raw data used to measure (n = 596) educators at virtual schools in the United States TPACK levels using SPSS and Amos Graphics statistical...

K-12 Online and Blended Teacher Certifications: Striking a Balance Between Policy and Proficiency

Kristen DeBruler; Leanna Archambault; Joe Freidhoff

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2013 (Mar 25, 2013) pp. 4115–4121

This paper describes a brief overview of the different approaches various states have adopted to attempt to address the need for quality teachers in online environments. These include state level endorsements, online teaching certificates offered by ...

Training by Gaming: A Research Framework to Evaluate Pre-service Teachers' Training with Massively Multiplayer Online Games

PG Schrader; Leanna Archambault; Conrad Oh Young

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2008 (Mar 03, 2008) pp. 1799–1804

Videogames have become a cultural and commercial phenomenon across the globe. Researchers and educators have been working to understand how to leverage these tools in education. However, there are few training opportunities that focus on the...

Digital Story Design: Producing Effective Videos by Comparing Visual Components

Victor Nevarez; Annie Hale; Leanna Archambault

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2017 (Mar 05, 2017) pp. 374–377

Online education is an inevitable part of our current educational system. With the goal of breaking down barriers associated with traditional brick and mortar education, online students can access course content from almost any location and explore...

Topics: Creativity, Digital Storytelling/Video, Universal Design for Learning

Education for Sustainability: Online Professional Development for Educators

Annie Hale; Leanna Archambault; Gabriela Marie Chacon

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2018 (Mar 26, 2018) pp. 859–863

Educators represent a catalytic population that is capable of enacting new ways of engaging with and thinking about the world. Through deliberate education that instills particular attitudes, behaviors, and choices, we can prepare the next...

Topics: New Possibilities with Information Technologies

Revisiting technological pedagogical content knowledge: Exploring the TPACK framework

Leanna M. Archambault; Joshua H. Barnett

Computers & Education Vol. 55, No. 4 pp. 1656–1662

This study examines the nature of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) through the use of a factor analysis. Using a survey with 24 items designed to measure each of the areas described by the TPACK framework, and measuring the...

Language: English

Cyber-Truancy: Addressing Issues of Attendance in the Digital Age

Leanna Archambault; Kathryn Kennedy; Stacy Bender

Journal of Research on Technology in Education Vol. 46, No. 1 (2013) pp. 1–28

Although mandatory attendance is easily determined in a traditional, brick-and-mortar school, monitoring and enforcing attendance and truancy in an online environment is less obvious. Despite this challenge, virtual schools, especially those that...

Examining the Use of Embedded Assessment in Video Content

Leanna Archambault; Annie Warren; Catharyn Crane

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2015 (Mar 02, 2015) pp. 585–587

This paper describes Sustainability Science for Teachers, a hybrid course at a major research-extensive university in the desert southwest that integrates the use of digital video to teach sustainability-related concepts in a meaningful way. During...

Topics: Research & Evaluation, Digital Storytelling/Video, Video, Assessment, Software